NDLI: Gyro-devices and their applications

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Thumm, M.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology and Institute of High Frequency Techniques and Electronics, Kaiserstr, 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany (Thumm, M.)
Abstract	Gyro-oscillators (gyrotrons) are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), current drive (ECCD), stability control and active diagnostics of magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The maximum pulse length of commercially available 140 GHz, megawatt-class gyrotrons is 30 min (CPI and European KIT-CRPP-TED collaboration), at 44% efficiency. The Japan 170 GHz ITER gyrotron achieved 1 MW, 800 s at 55% efficiency and holds the energy world record of 2.88 GJ (0.8 MW, 60 min) and the efficiency record of 57% for tubes with an output power of more than 0.5 MW. The Russian 170 GHz ITER gyrotron achieved 1 MW (0.8 MW) with a pulse duration of 570 s (1000 s) at 53% (55%) efficiency. All these gyrotrons are equipped with synthetic diamond output windows and single-stage depressed collectors for energy recovery. Operation at the $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ harmonic of the EC frequency enables gyrotrons to act as high-power step-tunable mm- and sub-mm wave sources up to the THz frequency range for plasma diagnostics, high-frequency broadband electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and dynamic nuclear polarization-nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) spectroscopy as well as for medical therapy. Gyrotrons have also been successfully used in materials processing, plasma chemistry and ECR multicharged heavy ion sources. Such technological applications require tubes with the following parameters: f ≥ 24 GHz, P = 4–50 kW, CW, η>30%. The development of various types of high average power Ka- and W-band gyro-amplifiers allows high resolution ranging and imaging in atmospheric and planetary science. The present paper gives a short review of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of gyro-devices and their applications.
Starting Page	521
Ending Page	524
File Size	104061
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424486625
e-ISBN	9781424486618
DOI	10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747105
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-02-21
Publisher Place	India
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Gyrotrons Plasmas Modulation Cavity resonators Cyclotrons Harmonic analysis Radar imaging millimeter wave radar gyrotron gyro-amplifiers electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive plasma diagnostics electron cyclotron resonance ion source millimeter wave materials processing EPR and DNP-NMR spectroscopy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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