NDLI: Improving PET/CT attenuation correction with iterative CT beam hardening correction

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kachelrieb, M. Kalender, W.A.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Inst. of Med. Phys., Erlangen-Nurnberg Univ., Erlangen, Germany (Kachelrieb, M.; Kalender, W.A.)
Abstract	Due to x-ray polychromaticity CT attenuation data cannot be directly used for PET attenuation correction (AC). Usually, the polychromatic CT projection data are converted to the desired 511 keV by image-based image domain scaling methods. However, due to the nonlinearity of attenuation this is a zero order correction only. Ideally, corrective measures must be applied in the rawdata domain. We therefore implemented a beam hardening correction (BHC) algorithm dedicated for PET/CT. Our method is image-based since it starts from CT images and provides corrected CT images. Internally it operates in both the image domain and the projection data domain. The algorithm resamples the CT volume to PET resolution and performs a weighted thresholding to obtain a material distribution. Then, the set of material images undergoes an iterative correction process that consists of several forward projections and backprojections along the original ray direction. Although this can be done until convergence we found that the material images do not suffer from beam hardening artifacts anymore after just one iteration. From these corrected material distributions the desired monochromatic CT image at 511 keV is easily obtained by linear combination. A simulation study, phantom and patient measurements with a Sensation 4 and a Sensation 64 spiral multi-slice CT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) were carried out to compare the 511 keV volume obtained with iBHC to the standard image-based method. In the presence of dark streaks due to beam hardening, for example in the head or pelvis region, the iterative approach achieves to remove these streaks whereas the image-based scaling cannot do so. The scaled images show differences of up to 50 HU in the pelvis region. The additional computation time required lies in the order of 0.2 s per slice and material. Our results indicate significant improvements over the standard approach. However, a clinical evaluation with PET/CT data must follow to finally validate our results.
Starting Page	5
Ending Page	1909
File Size	1603019
Page Count	1905
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780392213
ISSN	10957863
DOI	10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596704
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-10-23
Publisher Place	Puerto Rico
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Positron emission tomography Attenuation Computed tomography Pelvis X-ray imaging Image converters Iterative algorithms Convergence Medical simulation Imaging phantoms
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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