NDLI: Metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure as a novel leaky-wave antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Sungjoon Lim Caloz, C. Itoh, T.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	A metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure is presented and demonstrated as a novel leaky-wave (LW) antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth functionalities. This structure is, in essence, a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) microstrip structure incorporating varactor diodes for fixed-frequency voltage-controlled operation. Angle scanning at a fixed frequency is achieved by modulating the capacitances of the structure by adjusting the (uniform) bias voltage applied to the varactors. Beamwidth tuning is obtained by making the structure nonuniform by application of a nonuniform bias voltage distribution of the varactors. A rigorous analysis based on an extension of the CRLH concept is proposed and the corresponding dispersion curves, obtained by equivalent-circuit formulas with LC parameters extracted from full-wave simulation, are shown. A 30-cell LW antenna structure, incorporating both series and shunt varactors for optimal impedance matching and maximal tuning range, is designed. This prototype exhibits continuous scanning capability from 50/spl deg/ to -49/spl deg/ by tuning the bias voltages from 0 to 21 V at 3.33 GHz. A maximum gain of 18 dBi at broadside is also achieved. In addition, it provides half-power beamwidth variation of up to 200% with comparison to the case of uniform biasing. The effect of intermodulation due to the nonlinearity of the varactors is shown to be negligible for antenna applications. The antenna is tested in a 10-Mb/s binary phase-shift keying transmission link and successful recovery of the baseband data is demonstrated.
Sponsorship	IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
Starting Page	161
Ending Page	173
Page Count	13
File Size	1271370
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189480
Volume Number	53
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Transmission lines Leaky wave antennas Varactors Voltage Transmitting antennas Microstrip Diodes Frequency Capacitance Tuning varactor diode Beamwidth tuning composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) electronic scanning leaky-wave (LW) antenna left-handed (LH) metamaterials nonuniform TL
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Radiation

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